Torsion testis, also known as testicular torsion, is a serious medical condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood flow to the testicle. Causes: 1. Trauma or injury to the testicles 2. Abnormal testicular anatomy 3. Spontaneous torsion (no apparent cause) Symptoms: 1. Sudden, severe testicular pain 2. Swelling and redness of the scrotum 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Abdominal pain 5. Elevated testicle Treatment: 1. Emergency surgery (orchiopexy) within 4-8 hours to restore blood flow 2. Manual detorsion (untwisting) may be attempted, but surgery is usually necessary Complications: 1. Testicular loss (necrosis) 2. Infertility 3. Chronic pain Prevention: 1. Proper testicular self-examination 2. Seeking medical attention immediately if symptoms occur Who's at risk: 1. Neonates (newborns) 2. Adolescents and young adults 3. Men with history of testicular trauma or anomalies